Βιβλία - Πηγαί |
Books - Sources |
Ἱερατικόν |
Hieratikon |
Θεία Λειτουργία Ἁγ. Χρυσοστόμου |
Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom |
Ὡρολόγιον |
Horologion |
Ἀπολυτίκια τῆς Ὅλης Ἑβδομάδος |
Apolytikia for Weekdays |
Ὀκτώηχος - Ἦχος πλ. αʹ. |
Octoechos - Mode pl. 1. |
Τῇ Παρασκευῇ Πρωΐ |
On Friday Morning |
Μηναῖον - Τῌ ΚΘʹ ΝΟΕΜΒΡΙΟΥ |
Menaion - November 29 |
Μνήμη τῶν Ἁγίων Μαρτύρων Παραμόνου καὶ Φιλουμένου |
Memory of the Holy Martyrs Paramonus and Philumenus |
__________ |
__________ |
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ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΙΑ ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ |
LITURGY OF ST. JOHN CHRYSOSTOM |
Ἤ, ἀντὶ τῶν Ἀντιφώνων, κατὰ τὸ τυπικόν, ψάλλονται τὰ Τυπικὰ καὶ οἱ Μακαρισμοί. |
An optional alternative to the Antiphons are the Typika (Psalms 102 and 145), and the Beatitudes with the appointed troparia, which are provided here. |
Ψαλμὸς 102. |
Psalm 102. |
Ψαλμὸς 145. |
Psalm 145. |
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Οἱ Μακαρισμοί. |
The Beatitudes. |
Ἦχος πλ. αʹ. |
Mode pl. 1. |
Ἐν τῇ Βασιλείᾳ σου μνήσθητι ἡμῶν Κύριε, ὅταν ἔλθῃς ἐν τῇ Βασιλείᾳ σου. Μακάριοι οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι, ὅτι αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν. |
In Your kingdom. Remember us, O Lord, when You come in Your kingdom. Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven [RSV] |
Μακάριοι οἱ πενθοῦντες, ὅτι αὐτοὶ παρακληθήσονται. |
Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted. [RSV] |
Μακάριοι οἱ πρᾳεῖς, ὅτι αὐτοὶ κληρονομήσουσι τὴν γῆν. |
Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth. [RSV] |
Μακάριοι οἱ πεινῶντες καὶ διψῶντες τὴν δικαιοσύνην, ὅτι αὐτοὶ χορτασθήσονται. |
Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied. [RSV] |
Μακάριοι οἱ ἐλεήμονες, ὅτι αὐτοὶ ἐλεηθήσονται. |
Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy. [RSV] |
Μακάριοι οἱ καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ, ὅτι αὐτοὶ τὸν Θεὸν ὄψονται. |
Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God. [RSV] |
Τροπάρια. |
Troparia. |
Τῆς Ὀκτωήχου - - - |
From Octoechos - - - |
Μακάριοι οἱ εἰρηνοποιοί, ὅτι αὐτοὶ Υἱοὶ Θεοῦ κληθήσονται. |
Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God. [RSV] |
Ὁ λῃστὴς ἐν τῷ Σταυρῷ, Θεὸν εἶναί σε πιστεύσας Χριστέ, ὡμολόγησέ σε εἰλικρινῶς ἐκ καρδίας. Μνήσθητί μου Κύριε βοῶν, ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ σου. |
When the robber had believed * that You the crucified were truly God, * he wholeheartedly and sincerely confessed You, * and he cried aloud to You, O Christ, “In Your kingdom, remember me.” [SD] |
Μακάριοι οἱ δεδιωγμένοι ἕνεκεν δικαιοσύνης, ὅτι αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν. |
Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness’ sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. [RSV] |
Θανατωθεὶς ἐπὶ Σταυροῦ, τοὺς διὰ βρώσεως πεσόντας ἡμᾶς, ἀνεζώωσας, ζωοδότα Οἰκτίρμον, καὶ πολίτας πάλιν ἀγαθέ, Παραδείσου ἀνέδειξας. |
When You died upon the Cross, * O good Savior and the Giver of Life, * You revived us who had fallen through eating, * and You made us citizens again * of Paradise, O loving Lord. [SD] |
Μακάριοι ἐστὲ ὅταν ὀνειδίσωσιν ὑμᾶς, καὶ διώξωσι, καὶ εἴπωσι πᾶν πονηρὸν ῥῆμα καθʼ ὑμῶν, ψευδόμενοι ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ. |
Blessed are you when men revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you falsely [for my sake]. [RSV] |
Προσηλώθης τῷ Σταυρῷ, Χριστὲ ἡ ἄμπελος ἡ ἀληθινή, καὶ ἀπέσταξας, πόμα σωτηριῶδες, ἐπευφραῖνον πάντων τῶν πιστῶν, καρδίας ὑμνούντων σε. |
You were nailed upon the Cross, * You who called yourself the true vine, O Christ; * and from You was distilled the drink of salvation, * that wine that gladdens the hearts of all * the faithful who sing Your praise. [SD] |
Χαίρετε καὶ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε, ὅτι ὁ μισθὸς ὑμῶν πολὺς ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. |
Rejoice and be glad, for your reward is great in heaven. [RSV] |
Μαρτυρικόν. |
For the Martyrs. |
Τυμπανιζόμενοι σοφοί, καὶ μεληδὸν κατατεμνόμενοι, εἰκονίσατε τὴν σφαγὴν τοῦ Δεσπότου· διὰ τοῦτο Μάρτυρες Χριστοῦ, ἀεὶ μακαρίζεσθε. |
As you were beaten to death, * and your bodies were dismembered limb by limb, * you became an image of the Master’s slaughter. * Hence we call you blessed evermore, * O wise holy Martyrs of Christ. [SD] |
Δόξα. |
Glory. |
Ἐπὶ Σταυροῦ ὁ τοῦ Πατρός, καὶ θείου Πνεύματος ἀχώριστος, ἐθελούσιον, καθυπέμεινε πάθος, πάθη πάντα τὰ φθοροποιά, ἡμῶν ἐξαιρούμενος. |
On the Cross, the Son of God, * from the Father and the Holy Spirit * inseparable, endured His voluntary Passion, * whereby He delivered us from all * the passions that corrupted us. [SD] |
Καὶ νῦν. Σταυροθεοτοκίον. |
Both now. Stavrotheotokion. |
Θρήνοις συνέκοπτες σαυτήν, ὁρῶσα Δέσποινα ἐν ξύλῳ Σταυροῦ, τὴν ζωὴν ἡμῶν, ἑκουσίως θανοῦσαν· ὅθεν πάντες θείαις σε φωναῖς, ἀεὶ μακαρίζομεν. |
Lady, you watched as our Life * willingly died on the tree of the Cross, * and you beat our breasts as your wept and lamented. * Therefore we all sing you sacred hymns * and call you blessed evermore. [SD] |
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Εἰσοδικόν. Ἦχος βʹ. |
Entrance Hymn. Mode 2. |
Δεῦτε προσκυνήσωμεν καὶ προσπέσωμεν Χριστῷ. Σῶσον ἡμᾶς Υἱὲ Θεοῦ, ὁ ἐν ἁγίοις θαυμαστός, ψάλλοντάς σοι, Ἀλληλούϊα. |
Come, let us worship and bow down before Christ. Save us, O Son of God, who are wondrous in the saints. We sing to You, Alleluia. |
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Ὕμνοι μετὰ τὴν Μικρὰν Εἴσοδον |
Hymns after the Entrance. |
Ἀπολυτίκιον τῆς Ἡμέρας. |
Apolytikion for the Day. |
Τοῦ Σταυροῦ. |
For the Cross. |
Τοῦ Ὡρολογίου - - - |
From Horologion - - - |
Ἦχος αʹ. |
Mode 1. |
Σῶσον, Κύριε, τὸν λαόν σου καὶ εὐλόγησον τὴν κληρονομίαν σου, νίκας τοῖς βασιλεῦσι κατὰ βαρβάρων δωρούμενος, καὶ τὸ σὸν φυλάττων διὰ τοῦ Σταυροῦ σου πολίτευμα. |
Save, O Lord, Your people and bless Your inheritance, granting victory to the faithful over the enemy, and by Your Cross protecting Your commonwealth. [SD] |
Τῶν Ἁγίων. |
For the Saints. |
Ἦχος δʹ. Ταχὺ προκατάλαβε. |
Mode 4. Come quickly. |
Οἱ Μάρτυρές σου Κύριε, ἐν τῇ ἀθλήσει αὐτῶν, στεφάνους ἐκομίσαντο τῆς ἀφθαρσίας, ἐκ σοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν· σχόντες γὰρ τὴν ἰσχύν σου, τοὺς τυράννους καθεῖλον, ἔθραυσαν καὶ δαιμόνων, τὰ ἀνίσχυρα θράση. Αὐτῶν ταῖς ἱκεσίαις, Χριστὲ ὁ Θεός, σῶσον τὰς ψυχὰς ἡμῶν. |
Your Martyrs, O Lord, were worthily awarded by You * the crowns of incorruption, in that they contested for You our immortal God. * Since they possessed Your power, they defeated the tyrants, * dashing the demons’ powerless displays of defiance. * O Christ God, at their fervent entreaties, save our souls. [SD] |
Ψάλλεται τὸ Ἀπολυτίκιον τοῦ Ναοῦ. Εἴτα· |
The Apolytikion of the parish church is sung. Then: |
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Κοντάκιον τῆς Ἡμέρας. Τοῦ Σταυροῦ. |
Kontakion for the Day. For the Cross. |
Ἦχος δʹ. Αὐτόμελον. |
Mode 4. Automelon. |
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Ὁ ὑψωθεὶς ἐν τῷ Σταυρῷ. |
Ὁ ὑψωθεὶς ἐν τῷ Σταυρῷ ἑκουσίως, τῇ ἐπωνύμῳ σου καινῇ πολιτείᾳ τοὺς οἰκτιρμούς σου δώρησαι, Χριστὲ ὁ Θεός· εὔφρανον ἐν τῇ δυνάμει σου τοὺς πιστοὺς βασιλεῖς ἡμῶν, νίκας χορηγῶν αὐτοῖς κατὰ τῶν πολεμίων· τὴν συμμαχίαν ἔχοιεν τὴν σήν, ὅπλον εἰρήνης, ἀήττητον τρόπαιον. |
You who were lifted on the cross voluntarily, * O Christ our God, bestow Your tender compassions * upon Your new community to which You gave Your name. * Cause our faithful emperors to be glad in Your power, * granting them the victories against their adversaries. * And for an ally, Lord, may they have You, * peace as their armor, the trophy invincible. [SD] |
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Ὁ Τρισάγιος Ὗμνος |
Trisagios Hymn |
Ἅγιος ὁ Θεός, ἅγιος Ἰσχυρός, ἅγιος Ἀθάνατος, ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς. (3) |
Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immortal, have mercy on us. (3) |
Δόξα Πατρὶ καὶ Υἱῷ καὶ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι. Καὶ νῦν καὶ ἀεί, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν. |
Glory to the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit. Both now and ever and to the ages of ages. Amen. |
Ἅγιος Ἀθάνατος, ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς. |
Holy Immortal, have mercy on us. |
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Ὁ Ἀπόστολος |
The Epistle |
Τῇ Παρασκευῇ τῆς ΚΓʹ Ἑβδομάδος |
Friday of the 23rd Week |
Προκείμενον. Ἦχος βαρύς. Ψαλμὸς 98. |
Prokeimenon. Grave Mode. Psalm 98. |
Ὑψοῦτε Κύριον τὸν Θεὸν ἡμῶν καὶ προσκυνεῖτε εἰς ὄρος ἅγιον αὐτοῦ, |
Exalt the Lord our God and worship at His holy mountain. [SAAS] |
Στίχ. Ὁ Κύριος ἐβασίλευσεν, ὀργιζέσθωσαν λαοί. |
Verse: The Lord reigns; let the peoples be angry. [SAAS] |
Πρὸς Θεσσαλονικεῖς Αʹ Ἐπιστολῆς Παύλου τὸ ἀνάγνωσμα. |
The reading is from Paul’s First Letter to the Thessalonians. |
Αʹ Θεσ 2:14 – 20 |
1 Th. 2:14 – 20 |
Ἀδελφοί, ὑμεῖς μιμηταὶ ἐγενήθητε τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ τῶν οὐσῶν ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ὅτι τὰ αὐτὰ ἐπάθετε καὶ ὑμεῖς ὑπὸ τῶν ἰδίων συμφυλετῶν καθὼς καὶ αὐτοὶ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων, τῶν καὶ τὸν Κύριον ἀποκτεινάντων Ἰησοῦν καὶ τοὺς ἰδίους προφήτας, καὶ ἡμᾶς ἐκδιωξάντων, καὶ Θεῷ μὴ ἀρεσκόντων, καὶ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ἐναντίων, κωλυόντων ἡμᾶς τοῖς ἔθνεσι λαλῆσαι ἵνα σωθῶσιν, εἰς τὸ ἀναπληρῶσαι αὐτῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας πάντοτε. ἔφθασε δὲ ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς ἡ οργὴ εἰς τέλος. Ἡμεῖς δέ, ἀδελφοί, ἀπορφανισθέντες ἀφ᾽ ὑμῶν πρὸς καιρὸν ὥρας, προσώπῳ οὐ καρδίᾳ, περισσοτέρως ἐσπουδάσαμεν τὸ πρόσωπον ὑμῶν ἰδεῖν ἐν πολλῇ ἐπιθυμίᾳ. διὸ ἠθελήσαμεν ἐλθεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ἐγὼ μὲν Παῦλος καὶ ἅπαξ καὶ δίς, καὶ ἐνέκοψεν ἡμᾶς ὁ σατανᾶς. τίς γὰρ ἡμῶν ἐλπὶς ἢ χαρὰ ἢ στέφανος καυχήσεως ἢ οὐχὶ καὶ ὑμεῖς ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐν τῇ αὐτοῦ παρουσίᾳ; ὑμεῖς γάρ ἐστε ἡ δόξα ἡμῶν καὶ ἡ χαρά. |
Brethren, you become imitators of the churches of God in Christ Jesus which are in Judea; for you suffered the same things from your own countrymen as they did from the Jews, who killed both the Lord Jesus and the prophets, and drove us out, and displease God and oppose all men by hindering us from speaking to the Gentiles that they may be saved — so as always to fill up the measure of their sins. But wrath has come upon them at last! But since we were bereft of you, brethren, for a short time, in person not in heart, we endeavored the more eagerly and with great desire to see you face to face; because we wanted to come to you — I, Paul, again and again — but Satan hindered us. For what is our hope or joy or crown of boasting before our Lord Jesus at his coming? Is it not you? For you are our glory and joy. [RSV] |
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Ἀλληλούϊα. Ἦχος πλ. βʹ. Ψαλμὸς 73. |
Alleluia. Mode pl. 2. Psalm 73. |
Ἀλληλούϊα. Ἀλληλούϊα. Ἀλληλούϊα. |
Alleluia. Alleluia. Alleluia. |
Στίχ. αʹ. Μνήσθητι τῆς συναγωγῆς σου, ἧς ἐκτήσω ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς. |
Verse 1: Remember Your congregation You acquired from the beginning. [SAAS] |
Ἀλληλούϊα. Ἀλληλούϊα. Ἀλληλούϊα. |
Alleluia. Alleluia. Alleluia. |
Στίχ. βʹ. Ὁ δὲ Θεὸς βασιλεὺς ἡμῶν πρὸ αἰώνων, εἰργάσατο σωτηρίαν ἐν μέσῳ τῆς γῆς. |
Verse 2: God is our King before the ages; He worked salvation in the midst of the earth. |
Ἀλληλούϊα. Ἀλληλούϊα. Ἀλληλούϊα. |
Alleluia. Alleluia. Alleluia. |
Τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον |
The Gospel |
Τῇ Παρασκευῇ τῆς ΙΑʹ Ἑβδομάδος τοῦ Λουκᾶ |
Friday of the 11th Week of Luke |
Ἐκ τοῦ κατὰ Λουκᾶν ἁγίου Εὐαγγελίου τὸ ἀνάγνωσμα. |
The reading is from the holy Gospel according to Luke. |
Λκ 20:19 – 26 |
Lk. 20:19 – 26 |
Τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ, ἐζήτουν οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς ἐπιβαλεῖν ἐπὶ τὸν Ἰησοῦν τὰς χεῖρας ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ, καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν τὸν λαόν· ἔγνωσαν γὰρ ὅτι πρὸς αὐτοὺς τὰς παραβολὰς ἔλεγε. Καὶ παρατηρήσαντες ἀπέστειλαν ἐγκαθέτους, ὑποκρινομένους ἑαυτοὺς δικαίους εἶναι, ἵνα ἐπιλάβωνται αὐτοῦ λόγου εἰς τὸ παραδοῦναι αὐτὸν τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος. καὶ ἐπηρώτησαν αὐτὸν λέγοντες· διδάσκαλε, οἴδαμεν ὅτι ὀρθῶς λέγεις καὶ διδάσκεις, καὶ οὐ λαμβάνεις πρόσωπον, ἀλλ᾿ ἐπ᾿ ἀληθείας τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ διδάσκεις· ἔξεστιν ἡμῖν Καίσαρι φόρον δοῦναι ἢ οὔ; κατανοήσας δὲ αὐτῶν τὴν πανουργίαν εἶπε πρὸς αὐτούς· τί με πειράζετε; δείξατέ μοι δηνάριον· τίνος ἔχει εἰκόνα καὶ ἐπιγραφήν; ἀποκριθέντες δὲ εἶπον· Καίσαρος. ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· ἀπόδοτε τοίνυν τὰ Καίσαρος Καίσαρι καὶ τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ τῷ Θεῷ. καὶ οὐκ ἴσχυσαν ἐπιλαβέσθαι αὐτοῦ ῥήματος ἐναντίον τοῦ λαοῦ, καὶ θαυμάσαντες ἐπὶ τῇ ἀποκρίσει αὐτοῦ ἐσίγησαν. |
At that time, the scribes and the chief priests tried to lay hands on Jesus at that very hour, but they feared the people; for they perceived that he had told this parable against them. So they watched him, and sent spies, who pretended to be sincere, that they might take hold of what he said, so as to deliver him up to the authority and jurisdiction of the governor. They asked him, “Teacher, we know that you speak and teach rightly, and show no partiality, but truly teach the way of God. Is it lawful for us to give tribute to Caesar, or not?” But he perceived their craftiness, and said to them, “Show me a coin. Whose likeness and inscription has it?” They said, “Caesar’s.” He said to them, “Then render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” And they were not able in the presence of the people to catch him by what he said; but marveling at his answer they were silent. [RSV] |
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Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Θεοτόκον. |
Hymn to the Theotokos. |
Ἄξιόν ἐστιν ὡς ἀληθῶς μακαρίζειν σε τὴν Θεοτόκον, τὴν ἀειμακάριστον καὶ παναμώμητον καὶ μητέρα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν. Τὴν τιμιωτέραν τῶν Χερουβεὶμ καὶ ἐνδοξοτέραν ἀσυγκρίτως τῶν Σεραφείμ, τὴν ἀδιαφθόρως Θεὸν Λόγον τεκοῦσαν, τὴν ὄντως Θεοτόκον, σὲ μεγαλύνομεν. |
It is truly right to bless you, Theotokos, ever blessed, most pure, and Mother of our God. More honorable than the Cherubim, and beyond compare more glorious than the Seraphim, without corruption you gave birth to God the Logos. We magnify you, the true Theotokos. |
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Κοινωνικόν. Ψαλμὸς 73. |
Communion Hymn. Psalm 73. |
Σωτηρίαν εἰργάσω ἐν μέσῳ τῆς γῆς, Χριστὲ ὁ Θεός. Ἀλληλούϊα. |
You worked salvation in the midst of the earth, O Christ our God. Alleluia. [SAAS] |
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Ὕμνος μετὰ τὴν Θ. Κοινωνίαν. |
Hymn after Holy Communion. |
Ἦχος βʹ. |
Mode 2. |
Εἴδομεν τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινόν, ἐλάβομεν Πνεῦμα ἐπουράνιον, εὓρομεν πίστιν ἀληθῆ, ἀδιαίρετον Τριάδα προσκυνοῦντες· αὕτη γὰρ ἡμᾶς ἔσωσεν. |
We have seen the true light; we have received the heavenly Spirit; we have found the true faith, worshiping the undivided Trinity, for the Trinity has saved us. |
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ΑΠΟΛΥΣΙΣ |
DISMISSAL |
Δόξα σοι, Χριστὲ ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν, δόξα σοι. |
Glory to You, O Christ our God. Glory to You. |
Χριστὸς ὁ ἀληθινὸς Θεὸς ἡμῶν, ταῖς πρεσβείαις τῆς παναχράντου καὶ παναμώμου ἁγίας αὐτοῦ Μητρός, δυνάμει τοῦ τιμίου καὶ ζωοποιοῦ Σταυροῦ, προστασίαις τῶν τιμίων ἐπουρανίων δυνάμεων ἀσωμάτων, ἱκεσίαις τοῦ τιμίου, ἐνδόξου, προφήτου, προδρόμου καὶ βαπτιστοῦ Ἰωάννου, τῶν ἁγίων ἐνδόξων καὶ πανευφήμων ἀποστόλων, τῶν ἁγίων ἐνδόξων καὶ καλλινίκων μαρτύρων· τῶν ὁσίων καὶ θεοφόρων πατέρων ἡμῶν· (τοῦ ἁγίου τοῦ ναοῦ)· τῶν ἁγίων καὶ δικαίων θεοπατόρων Ἰωακεὶμ καὶ Ἄννης, καὶ πάντων τῶν ἁγίων, ἐλεήσαι καὶ σώσαι ἡμᾶς, ὡς ἀγαθὸς καὶ φιλάνθρωπος καὶ ἐλεήμων Θεός. |
May Christ our true God, through the intercessions of His all-pure and all-immaculate holy Mother, the power of the precious and life-giving Cross, the protection of the honorable, bodiless powers of heaven, the supplications of the honorable, glorious prophet and forerunner John the Baptist, of the holy, glorious, and praiseworthy apostles, of the holy, glorious, and triumphant martyrs, of our righteous and God-bearing fathers, (local patron saint); of the holy and righteous ancestors of God Joachim and Anna, and of all the saints, have mercy on us and save us, as He is good, benevolent, and merciful God. |
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Κανόνας Νηστείας |
Fasting Rule |
Νηστεία. |
Strict: Refrain from meat, fish, oil, dairy, and eggs. |
Εἶναι ἡ νηστεία πρὸ τῶν Χριστουγέννων. |
It is the Christmas fast. |